Thursday, 14 September 2017

How to get specific string/Date from a string in SQL Server using TSQL

Questions: How you will get all dates from below string, I have also include answer, it is done by recursive CTE

Tuesday, 12 September 2017

Top 12 Things Not to Say During an Interview : Interview tips

Bio:

Susan Ranford is an expert on job market trends, hiring, and business management. She is the Community Outreach Coordinator for New York Jobs. In her blogging and writing, she seeks to shed light on issues related to employment, business, and finance to help others understand different industries and find the right job fit for them.

Things Not to Say During an Interview

Interviews are places where you have to watch your tongue every second. You don’t want to say too much, the wrong thing, or ramble on incessantly. Some topics should be totally off limits during an interview. Be sure to keep these things on your mind and off your tongue at your next interview.

Never admit to being nervous.

Being nervous and admitting it are two different things during an interview.

You should show confidence in yourself first. Hide the case of nerves as best you can, and do not mention being nervous. The interviewer is looking for a confident candidate, and that can be you.

It may seem endearing to admit it, like you’re nervous and excited for the opportunity. But ultimately, it’s better to appear confident and in control of your emotions.

Never mention entrepreneurial aspirations during an interview.

Don’t tell an interviewer than you want to be your own boss.

Mentioning that you want to be your own boss puts you in a unique category that you really don’t want to be in. According to Ken Sundheim, it immediately lists you as a threat to the company because you could be there to learn trade secrets or be seen as a potential loss that leads to another day of interviewing. If you want to be hired, don’t tell them you want to work for yourself. Explain why you want to work for them.

Don’t be too eager to work.

If you are looking to be hired, being too eager to work can work against you.

Instead of being available for any job, be job specific when you apply. If you are willing to do anything, the interviewer may see you as desperate and not having specialized skills. If you’ll do anything, you’re not necessarily good at something. Make yourself valuable to the company by expressing yourself and your talents well.

Don’t Give Apologies for Lack of Experience.

If your resume doesn’t show years of experience in the industry that you are trying to break into, don’t make apologies for this lack of experience.

Build on your strengths rather than dwelling on your weak areas. This advice applies to the mid-career changer as well as the new graduate. If you don’t have the years of experience that the interviewer is requiring, mention any skills that transfer and make you the best qualified person for the job.

Don’t tell them to look at your resume.

If you are asked a question, be sure to answer the question.

Don’t refer the interviewer back to your resume. They want to hear an answer directly from you. You are a living, breathing person. Your resume is a piece of paper.

Reminding them that you listed it on your resume is disrespectful, and it is a definite don’t.

Don’t talk about your job search.

Let them know how you found them, but don’t talk about the hours you spent looking for other opportunities on local job sites. They don’t care about your job search, they care about potentially hiring you.

Move the focus to you and your skills as much as possible, not your inability to find other opportunities.

Don’t wait for questions you want to answer.

Rehearsing and practicing for an interview gives you confidence for answering certain questions, but don’t be listening and anticipating just those questions.

You have to be attentive and able to give answers to all of the questions that are asked. Being able to carry on a conversation without appearing to have it scripted is important to making it past round one in the interview process.

Don’t use clichés.

Be original with your words. Always find new and positive ways of saying things. Instead of using buzzwords and clichés, describe yourself with adjectives and phrases will showcase your creativity and ability to think independently.

The interview is the place to set yourself apart from the crowd, and your conversation is the most obvious way to do this.

Definitely lose the filler words.

Any word or phrase that you use to fill in a sentence while you are thinking should not be spoken during an interview. These words include ‘like’, and sounds such as ‘um’, and ‘er’. These do not help you communicate your message clearly and succinctly. You should remain silent rather than filling the gaps with these sounds.

Filler words are often words you don’t even remember saying. A pro tip is to record yourself speaking. Then, watch to see which filler words that you need to eliminate from your vocabulary.

Stay on topic.

If you have a tendency to ramble, put a lid on it during the interview. Feel free to be a great storyteller around your friends and family, but not during an interview unless the story you are telling is relevant to the job at hand.

If in your work experiences you achieved great success, then definitely share that story when the time is right. However, if you just can’t way to tell someone about your weekend plans, keep that story to yourself.

Never ask what the company does.

If you have to ask what the company does that you are interviewing with, you haven’t done your homework. This question is the biggest turnoff for recruiters and can summarily end what was a great interview up until you asked this fatal question. If you ask this question, odds are really good that you won’t be hired.

Realize the power of your words.

Words are powerful, especially during an interview. Choose them carefully, and you’ll increase the odds of landing the job. If you’ve already been to an interview and have said all of the wrong things, learn from your mistakes.

If you slip up and say one of these things, realize it. Next time you’ll know what not to say.

What is Cached Report in SSRS ?

What is Cached Report in SSRS ?

Cashing is a copy of last executed report and stores it in report server temp DB.

SSRS lets you enable caching for the report and maintain a copy of the processed report in intermediate format in report server temp DB ,so that if the same report request comes again, the stored copy can be rendered in the desired format and served. This improvement in subsequent report processing can be evident especially in cases where the report is quite large and accessed frequently.

Please Note that the cashed report will continue to show the same data even if the data has changed in the Database until the cashed is refreshed. You can set the expiration date in Report Manager After expiration, a cached report is replaced with a newer version when the user selects the report again.

What is Snapshot Report in SSRS?

What is Snapshot Report in SSRS?

A Report Snapshot in SSRS is a report that contains layout information and a data-set that is retrieved at a specific point in time. Unlike on-demand reports, which get up-to-date query results when you select them, report snapshots are processed on a schedule and then saved to a report server. When you select a report snapshot for viewing, the report server retrieves the stored report from the report server database, and shows the data and layout that were current for the report at the time the snapshot was created.

Steps to a Report SnapShot :

Got to Report Manager,Where RDLs are Deployed.
Right Click The RDL and Select Manage.
Then select Snapshot Options from left the pane and schedule the snapshot of the report.

How to Replace Null Values in SSRS Report ?

How to Replace Null Values in SSRS Report ?

You can replace the NULL Values with some Custom value using IIF , IsNothing Function in SSRS.

Just Right Click on TextBox on which you want to replace NULL Value and write an Expression :

=IIF(IsNothing(Fields.ColName.Value),0,Fields.ColName.Value) [ To Replace with 0]
or
=IIF(IsNothing(Fields.ColName.Value),"Not Available",Fields.ColName.Value) [To Replace with String]

Which built-in function returns the number of active transactions?

Ans: @@TRANCOUNT

What is Report Builder in SSRS?

What is Report Builder in SSRS?

Report Builder is an Report authoring tool use to design ad-hoc reports and to manage the existing reports. you can preview your report in Report builder and publish your report to a reporting services . In short we can say that Report Builder provides the capability of design, execute and deploy the SSRS reports.

How to display data on single tablix from two datasets in SSRS ?

How to display data on single tablix from two datasets in SSRS ?

We can display data on single tablix from two datasets with the help of LOOKUP function.
So if we have two datasets and we need to display on a single tablix then they must have one common column in both
datasets on which we can join.

Syntax : =LookUp(source_expression,destination_expression,result_expression,dataset)

source_expression specify the name or key to lookup
destination_expression specify the name or key to match on
result_expression An expression i.e evaluated for the row in the dataset when source_expression=destination_expression
dataset from which we are adding column.

Top 50 DAX Interview Questions Answers PDF : SSAS/Power BI

Here we come with top 50 SSAS/PowerBI DAX interview questions with answers.

Explain what is DAX?
DAX stands for Data Analysis Expressions, and it is the formula language simply it is a collection of functions, operators, and constants that can be used in a formula, or expression in Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services, Power Pivot in Excel, and Power BI Desktop. Stated more simply, DAX helps you create new information from data already in your model.expressions.

Explain when do you use SUMX() instead of SUM()?
When the expressions to SUM() consits of anything else than a column name. Typically when you want to add or multiply the values in different columns:
SUMX(Orderline, Orderline[quantity], Orderline[price])
SUMX() first creates a row context over the Sales table (see 1 above). It then iterates through this table one row at a time. SUM() is optimized for reducing over column segments and is as such not an iterator.

What do you understand by new CALENDARAUTO() Function in DAX(SSAS)?
CALENDARAUTO function returns a table with a single column named “Date” that contains a contiguous set of dates. The range of dates is calculated automatically based on data in the model.
Example: In this example, the MinDate and MaxDate in the data model are July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011.
CALENDARAUTO() will return all dates between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011.
CALENDARAUTO(3) will actually return all dates between April 1, 2010 and March 31, 2012.

Name any 3 most useful aggregation functions DAX?
DAX has a number of aggregation functions, including the following commonly used functions:

SUM
AVERAGE
MIN
MAX
SUMX (and other X functions)

These functions work only on numeric columns, and generally can aggregate only one column at a time. However, special aggregation functions that end in X, such as SUMX, can work on multiple columns. These functions iterate through the table, and evaluate the expression for each row.

Which are the three places where an expression can be evaluated and hence a specific context is set?

1. In a pivot table cell. Filter context is set by rows, columns, filters and slicers.

2. In a row cell (calculated column) Row context is set by the row itself.

3. In the measure calculation area of a table. No row, nor filter context is set.

Name any 3 most useful text functions in DAX?
The text functions in DAX include the following:

CONCATENTATE
REPLACE
SEARCH
UPPER
FIXED

These text work very similarly to the Excel functions that have the same name, so if you're familiar with how Excel handles text functions, you're already a step ahead. If not, you can always experiment with these functions in Power BI, and learn more about how they behave.

How is filter context propagated through relationships?
Filter context automatically propagates following the filtering of the relationship. It always propagates from the one side of the relationship to the many side. In addition, you also have the <u>option of enabling the propagation from the many side to the one side</u>. No functions are available to force the propagation: Everything happens inside the engine in an automatic way, according to the definition of relationships in the data model.

What are Path() and PathLength() functions in DAX?
PATH(): Syntax PATH(<ID_columnName>, <parent_columnName>) Its Returns a delimited text string with the identifiers of all the parents of the current identifier, starting with the oldest and continuing until current.
PATHLENGTH(): Syntax PATHLENGTH(<path>) Its Returns the number of parents to the specified item in a given PATH result, including self.
Example: I think there is no need to explain you can understand it yourself

Ref: Microsoft

What is the difference between DISTINCT() and VALUES() in DAX?

Both count the distinct values, but VALUES() also counts a possible implictit virtual empty row because of non matching values in a child table. This is usually in a dimension table.

Which function should you use rather than COUNTROUWS(DISTINCT())?

DISTINCTCOUNT()

What is a pattern?

A pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem.In Microsoft Excel, you use patterns every day to build tables, charts, reports, dashboards, and more.

What are DAX patterns?

DAX Patterns is a collection of ready-to-use data models and formulas in DAX, which is the programming language of Power Pivot. Create your Excel data model faster by using a DAX pattern!

Explain RELATED() and RELATEDTABLE()?

RELATED works when you have a row context on the table on the many side of a relationship. RELATEDTABLE works if the row context is active on the one side of a relationship. It is worth noting that both, RELATED and RELATEDTABLE, can traverse a long chain of relationships to gather their result; they are not limited to a single hop.

Explain how a pivot table can be viewd as an MVC system?

1. Model = the Data Model (incl DAX expressions)

2. View = the table (or chart)

3. Controller = rows + columns + filters + slicers

What can you say about automatic filter propagation The filters only ever automatically flow from the "one" side of the relationship to the "many" side of the relationship; from the "arrow" side to the "dot" side; from the lookup table to the data table—whatever terms you use, it's always downhill.

With the lookup tables above and the data tables below, it is a mental cue to help you instantly visualize how automatic filter propagation works.

How does CALCULATE() result in context transition?

1. When in row context it transitions to filter context: the filter on the rows of a specific table propagates through the relationship to the related before the calculation is completed.

E.g. CALCULATE(SUM(OtherTable[column]) in a calculated column.

2. It extends or modifies an existing filter context, by adding a filter as its second parameter.

CALCULATE() always introduces filter context.

What is the difference between MAX and MAXA functions in DAX?
The MAX function takes as an argument a column that contains numeric values. If the
column contains no numbers, MAX returns a blank. If you want to evaluate values that
are not numbers, use the MAXA function.

How are row contexts created?

1. Automatically in a calculated column

2. Programmatically by using iterators.

How are filter contexts created?

1. Automatically by using fields on rows, columns, slicers, and filters.

2. Programmatically by using CALCULATE()

How can you propagate row context through relationships?

Propagation happens manually by using RELATED() and RELATEDTABLE(). These functions need to be used on the correct side of a one-to-many relationship: RELATED() on the many side, RELATEDTABLE() on the one side.

How does SUMMARIZECOLUMNS relate to filtering?

1. SUMMARIZECOLUMNS is not susceptible for outer (external) filters, in contrast to SUMMARIZE

2. you can add a filter (e.g. using FILTER) as a param of SUMMARIZCOLUMNS and it will filter accordingly. It acts as if you've added a filter in a pivot table.

What is the initial filter context?

The initial filter context comes from four areas of a pivot table:

1. Rows

2. Columns

3. Filters

4. Slicers

It is the standard filtering coming from a pivot table before any possible modifications from DAX formulas using CALCULATE().

How to optimize DAX query plan?
Ans: click here

Why don't you use a CALCULATE() in the aggregation expression of a SUMMARIZECOLUMN()?

The CALCULATE() is automatically generated.

What is the difference between having a measure as a second FILTER param and having the original measure expression as a param. FILTER(table, [MEASURE]) vs FILTER(table, SUM(...))?

A measure has always implicit filter context, so the ROW context induced by the FILTER is transferred to filter context in the measure.<br>In case of the expression only, no filter context is imposed on the expression, so the expression is evaluated with an empty filter context! This gives a different result.

DAX nested Functions is equivalent to SQL what?

SQL subqueries

What are different types of DataSources in SSRS ?

What are different types of DataSources in SSRS ?

In SSRS we have few options available for choosing the DataSource.

Some of datasources options available are listed below -

Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Azure
Microsoft SQL Server Parallel Data Warehouse
OLEDB
Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services
Oracle
ODBC
XML
Reporting Server Model
Microsoft SharePoint List
SAP NetWeaver BI
Hyperion Essbase
Teradata

How to display total number of rows in a Single SSRS report?

How to display total number of rows in a Single SSRS report?

We can display the total number of rows in a single SSRS Report with the help of "CountRows" function. Just inset a textbox and in the expression of this textbox write a code -

NOTE : You can append string with countrows by using "&" for more readability in the Report as I added.

SYNTAX :countrows()

Repeat Rows N Times According to Column Value in SQL Server : HCL Interview Question

Suppose you have a table #Temp as shown in the below image(left table) and you want to repeat rows based on "NTimes" column value. Then what will you do to generate output as below(right hand side table), asked during HCL interview

Ans:

SELECT A.Name,[NTimes] FROM

(SELECT Name,[NTimes], CAST(('<val>'+ REPLICATE ( Name+'</val><val>' ,[NTimes]-1 ) +'</val>') AS XML) AS X FROM #Temp) A

CROSS APPLY A.X.nodes('/val') y(z)

How to find Running Total in SSRS ?

How to find Running Total in SSRS ?

We can find running total in SSRS with the help of a RunningValue Function .
Running Value Function will return a running aggregate of all non-null numeric values specified by the expression, evaluated for the given scope.

Syntax : RunningValue(expression, function, scope)

Example:Right Click the TextBox and write a code in expression

What is Drill Through Report in SSRS ?

Drill Through Reports : Drill through reports is when user click on the values ,redirect the user to another detail report. Drillthrough reports commonly contain details about an item that is contained in the original summary report .These are standard reports that are accessed through a hyperlink on a textbox in the original report.
You can make a drill through report by right click on the textbox that you want to be hyperlinked.

How to Generate Sequence without using Ranking functions in SQL Server?

Ans:
Spose you have a temp table with only one column 'A' as above, Now you can use following query to generate sequence

SELECT COUNT(*) OVER(ORDER BY A, CONCAT(A,NEWID())) RN, A FROM #temp1

What is Spool Operator in SQL Server: SQL Server Performance Tuning

Spool operator scans the input and places a copy of each row in a hidden spool table that is stored in the tempdb database and existing only for the lifetime of the query. If the operator is rewound (for example, by a Nested Loops operator) but no rebinding is needed, the spooled data is used instead of re-scanning the input.
Table Spool is a physical operator.

What are joins in database and mention different types of joins?

Join is used to display results(combined rows) from two or more than two table .

Below are the types of joins are:

Natural Join
Inner Join
Cross Join
Outer Join

Left outer join

Right outer join

What is Database testing?

Data base Testing is segmented into below four different categories.

Data validity testing
Data integrity testing
Performance related to data base
Testing of Procedure,triggers and functions

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